Protective Effect Of Methionine Research Articles

Methionine can reduce the sublethal risk of Chlorantraniliprole to honeybees (Apis mellifera L.): Based on metabolomics analysis

Bees, essential for pollination in agriculture and global economic growth. However, the great wax moth (Galleria mellonella, GWM), a Lepidopteran insect, poses a substantial threat to bee colonies, contributing to a global decline in bee populations. Chlorantraniliprole (CH) is one of the primary insecticide used to control GWM due to its efficacy and low toxicity to bees. To improve beekeeping safety and reduce the risk of GWM developing resistance to prolonged use of CH, we investigated the potential of combining methionine (MET) which has been found to have insecticidal activity against certain Lepidoptera pests, with chlorantraniliprole for use in the apiculture industry. This study assessed the combined effects of MET and CH on GWM and honeybees by employing the maximum concentration of MET (1 %, w/w), previously reported as safe for honeybees, and the practical concentration of CH (1 mg/kg) for GWM control. The results revealed limited acute lethal toxicity of MET to GWM and honeybees, whereas the combined chronic exposure of MET and CH (MIX) led to significant synergistic lethal effects on GWM mortality. Nevertheless, the protective effect of MET on honeybees exposed to CH was significant under chronic exposure. Potential mechanisms underlying the synergistic actions of MET and CH may stem from MET-induced protection of the "Cysteine and methionine" and the "Glycine, serine, and threonine" metabolism pathways. Furthermore, immune stress mitigation was also observed in honeybee immune-related gene transcripts treated by the combination of MET and CH under both acute and chronic exposure. The effects of MET on CH activity in GWM and honeybees are likely due to metabolic regulation. This study suggests the potential of developing MET as a promising biopesticide or protective agent in the future.

Protective effect of methionine on the intestinal oxidative stress and microbiota change induced by nickel.

Nickel is a common heavy metal pollutant in industrial areas and can cause oxidative damage to human and animal organs. As an essential amino acid with antioxidant function, methionine (Met) may protect the body from the oxidative stress induce by nickel, however, there is not enough research to study in this aspect. The study aims at investigating the effect of Met on the nickel-induced intestinal oxidative stress and further detected the gut microbiota changes. Mice were gavaged with quantitative NiCl2 (1.6mg/ml, 0.25ml) and fed with different doses of methionine in each group. The contents of intestinal oxidation product and antioxidant enzymes were determined by different biochemical quantitative methods, and the data showed that NiCl2 increased the content of intestinal oxidation product (MDA), and the antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, GR, SOD and CAT) were decreased. But this situation was alleviated in the group fed with additional methionine solution (0.5mg/ml). In addition, we detected changes in the gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing, the results showed that the structure of intestinal flora was disturbed by NiCl2, but methionine restored the germs with antioxidant capacity. Based on the results, we speculate that methionine can alleviate the impact of NiCl2 on the intestinal by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the number of gut bacteria with anti-oxidation, suggesting that methionine as a nutritional additive may have the potential to treat nickel poisoning.

Methionine-Mediated Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit (PP2Ac) Methylation Ameliorates the Tauopathy Induced by Manganese in Cell and Animal Models.

The molecular mechanism of Alzheimer-like cognitive impairment induced by manganese (Mn) exposure has not yet been fully clarified, and there are currently no effective interventions to treat neurodegenerative lesions related to manganism. Protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) is a major tau phosphatase and was recently identified as a potential therapeutic target molecule for neurodegenerative diseases; its activity is directed by the methylation status of the catalytic C subunit. Methionine is an essential amino acid, and its downstream metabolite S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) participates in transmethylation pathways as a methyl donor. In this study, the neurotoxic mechanism of Mn and the protective effect of methionine were evaluated in Mn-exposed cell and rat models. We show that Mn-induced neurotoxicity is characterized by PP2Ac demethylation accompanied by abnormally decreased LCMT-1 and increased PME-1, which are associated with tau hyperphosphorylation and spatial learning and memory deficits, and that the poor availability of SAM in the hippocampus is likely to determine the loss of PP2Ac methylation. Importantly, maintenance of local SAM levels through continuous supplementation with exogenous methionine, or through specific inhibition of PP2Ac demethylation by ABL127 administration in vitro, can effectively prevent tau hyperphosphorylation to reduce cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, damage to cell viability, and rat memory deficits in cell or animal Mn exposure models. In conclusion, our data suggest that SAM and PP2Ac methylation may be novel targets for the treatment of Mn poisoning and neurotoxic mechanism-related tauopathies.

Effect of protected methionine and lysine supplementation to Awassi ewes ration at flushing period on productive performance

Effect of protected methionine and lysine supplementation to Awassi ewes ration at flushing period on productive performance

Influence of Methionine Supplementation on Nicotine Teratogenicity in the Rat

Human and animal studies have shown that maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy adversely affects pre and postnatal growth and increases the risk of fetal mortality. The aim of the present study was to determine the toxicity of nicotine and protective effect of methionine on the toxic effects of nicotine. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated from day 9 through 12 of gestation with either nicotine alone (6 mg/kg/day nicotine osmotic minipump or nicotine plus methionine (200 mg/kg) by gavage. Fetuses and embryos were recovered on gestational day-20 or day-12, respectively and were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed for developmental anomalies. Results of the present study showed that nicotine intake during pregnancy had teratogenic effects in the rat. Prenatal growth retardation such as reduced litter weight and crown-rump length, developmental anomalies, and gross external organ malformations were observed in near term fetuses of nicotine treated animals in excess of those in the pair-fed control group. Growth retardation and developmental anomalies were also observed in day-12 embryos of nicotine treated rats. Central nervous system developmental defects, anomalies of the heart, the limbs and the skeleton have also been observed. In the present study, methionine supplementation of the nicotine treated pregnant rats did not protect the rat offspring against the growth retardation and developmental anomalies induced by nicotine in both day-12 embryos and day-20 rat fetuses. Methionine supplementation of animals that were not treated with nicotine did not produce any adverse effects either on the mother, the embryos or the fetuses. The nicotine related growth and developmental abnormalities observed in the present study may not have been directly due to nicotine-induced methionine deficiency or may have been because of presence of an adaptive increase in methionine recycling during methionine deficiency or due to altered methionine metabolism. Keywords : nicotine, nicotine toxicity, methionine, fetuses, rats

Effect of protected Methionine and Lysine on Milk yield and Composition in Holstein Dairy Cow under Different Dietary Crude Protein Levels :Meta-analysis

Effect of protected Methionine and Lysine on Milk yield and Composition in Holstein Dairy Cow under Different Dietary Crude Protein Levels :Meta-analysis

Protective effect of methionine in the ischemia-reperfusion cardiac injury in the canine model

Oxygen free radicals (OFRs) derived from activated polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes have been implicated in the ischemia-reperfusion cardiac injury. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced by activated PMN leukocytes and can damage tissue directly or through formation of hydroxyl radicals. We therefore investigated the effects of methionine (a quencher of HOCl) on cardiac function and cardiac contractility; oxygen-free, radical-producing activity of PMN leukocytes (PMN-CL); serum malondialdehyde (MDA); activity of creatine kinase (CK) and MB fraction of CK (CK-MB); blood lactate, and pH and infarct size after 3 hours of reperfusion following 1.5 hours of occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) in anesthetized dogs. The dogs were divided into three groups: Group I, complete ligation of LCX for 4.5 hours; Group II, ligation of LCX for 1.5 hours followed by 3 hours of reperfusion; Group III, similar to Group II but received methionine 60 mg/kg, i.v. 10 minutes before ligation, 10 minutes before reperfusion, and 60 minutes after reperfusion. Measurements of hemodynamic parameters and collection of blood samples for biochemical parameters were made at various intervals. In general, myocardial contractility was unaltered whereas cardiac function decreased to a similar extent in the three groups. The area at risk was similar and infarct size was greater in Groups II and III, but both were greater than in Group I. The size in Group III was smaller than in Group II. CK and CK-MB activity increased in all groups but more in Groups II and III than in Group I. The increases were smaller in Group III than in Group II. PMN-CL activity increased significantly in Group II but remained unchanged in Groups I and III. Serum MDA remained unchanged. Changes in blood lactate and pH were similar in the three groups. These results suggest that (1) the area at risk in unperfused ischemic myocardium is smaller than in perfused ischemic myocardium; (2) reperfusion produced greater myocardial necrosis as compared with unperfused ischemic myocardium; (3) methionine is very effective in preventing ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial necrosis.

Oxidative stress in mouse liver caused by dietary amino acid deprivation: protective effect of methionine

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of a diet depleted of amino acids (protein-free diet, or PFD), as well as the supplementation with methionine (PFD+Met), on the antioxidant status of the female mouse liver. With this purpose, cytosolic protein spots from two-dimensional non-equilibrium pH gel electrophoresis were identified by several procedures, such as mass spectrometry, Western blot, gel matching and enzymatic activity. PFD decreased the contents of catalase (CAT), peroxiredoxin I (Prx-I), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) by 67%, 37% and 45%, respectively. Gene expression analyses showed that PFD caused a decrease in CAT (-20%) and GPx (-30%) mRNA levels but did not change that of Prx-I. It was also found that, when compared to a normal diet, PFD increased the liver contents of both reactive oxygen species (+50%) and oxidized protein (+88%) and decreased that of glutathione (-45%). Supplementation of PFD with Met prevented these latter effects to varying degrees, whereas CAT, Prx-I and GPx mRNA levels resulted unmodified. Present results suggest that dietary amino acid deprivation deranges the liver antioxidant defences, and this can be, in part, overcome by supplementation with Met.

Feeding ruminally protected methionine to pre- and postpartum dairy cows: effect on milk performance, milk composition and blood parameters

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ruminally protected methionine (Mepron®, Degussa AG, Germany) in dairy cows. Three weeks before calving 36 cows (Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh breeds) were assigned to one of the two dietary treatments (M and O), and received a total mixed ration with protected methionine at 18.2 g per head per day or without this supplement. After calving, both groups were divided into two subgroups and fed a diet for dairy cows based on ensiled feeds and concentrates for 90 days. A half of the cows received protected methionine (subgroups MM and OM), the other cows were fed the same diet without protected methionine (subgroups MO and OO). Milk yield in cows fed protected methionine for the whole experiment duration (cows MM) was higher and feed intake was lower than in cows of the other groups. The effect of protected methionine on milk yield was not, however, statistically significant (<I>P</I> > 0.05). Effects of protected methionine on milk fat and protein were small and inconsistent. Supplemental methionine significantly increased the methionine concentration in serum (<I>P</I> < 0.05) while the methionine concentration in milk was not increased quite significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.10). Concentrations of essential amino acids in milk were significantly or marginally significantly higher in cows fed protected methionine. In summary, the supplementation of ruminally protected methionine at 18.2 g per head per day had beneficial, but small and mostly statistically insignificant effects on milk performance and milk composition.

Effect of methionine and fishmeal added to the diet of cows with different beta-lactoglobulin genotypes on the composition and physical properties of milk

The effect of protected methionine (20 mg/head/day) and fishmeal (300 g of crude protein/head/day) on milk yield, composition and physical properties, as well as the proportion of individual casein fractions, was analysed for 41 Black-and-White cows with different milk beta-lactoglobulin genotypes (AA, AB and BB). A significant increase in the content and production of beta-casein in milk was observed in all groups of cows examined. The addition of protected methionine to the diet of cows with the BB beta-lactoglobulin genotype resulted in a significant ( P ≤ 0.01) increase in the content of crude protein and production of beta-casein, and a significant ( P ≤ 0.05) increase in the content of casein and beta-casein in milk. The addition of fishmeal to the diet of AB beta-lactoglobulin genotype cows resulted in a significant decrease in the content of urea together with an increase in the content of crude protein and casein, including alpha- and beta-caseins, in milk.

The effect of protected methionine on milk yield and its composition in lactating dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets

1. Impacts of manipulating ration metabolizable lysine and methionine levels on the performance of lactating dairy cows: A systematic review of the literature P.H. Robinson Livestock Science CrossRef

Protective effect of methionine in the ischemia-reperfusion cardiac injury in the canine model

Protective effect of methionine in the ischemia-reperfusion cardiac injury in the canine model

The effect of protected methionine and lysine on milk production and composition on grass-silage based diets

Methionine and lysine have been shown to be the two amino acids most limiting for milk protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. Many studies have shown positive effects of adding protected forms of methionine to cows on maize silage-based diets supplemented with soyabean meal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on milk production and composition of adding protected methionine and lysine to cows fed a grass silage diet.24 Autumn-calved cows (2nd lactation or greater) were blocked into groups of 4 based on calving date and milk yield in the immediate pre-experimental week. Cows within each group were subjected to each of the following 4 treatments in a latin square design: (1) 7 kg of by-product concentrate per day (C), (2) C plus 4.8 g digestible methionine per day (3) C plus 4.8 g digestible methionine and 6.2 g digestible lysine per day (4) 7 kg of barley-soya concentrate + 7.7 g digestible methionine per day. Each period lasted 4 weeks and data from weeks 3 and 4 were used to compare treatment effects. The amino acids were supplied in a rumen protected form (SmartamineTM, RPAN Technology) and all figures relate to estimated intestinally digestible amino acids based on the French system of calculating digestible lysine and methionine. The cows received primary growth unwilted grass silage ad libitum (Oven Dry Matter 189 g/kg, in-vitro DMD 714 g/kg DM, Crude protein 160 g/kg DM, pH 3.9).

The effect of protected methionine and lysine on milk production and composition on grass-silage based diets

Methionine and lysine have been shown to be the two amino acids most limiting for milk protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. Many studies have shown positive effects of adding protected forms of methionine to cows on maize silage-based diets supplemented with soyabean meal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on milk production and composition of adding protected methionine and lysine to cows fed a grass silage diet.24 Autumn-calved cows (2nd lactation or greater) were blocked into groups of 4 based on calving date and milk yield in the immediate pre-experimental week. Cows within each group were subjected to each of the following 4 treatments in a latin square design: (1) 7 kg of by-product concentrate per day (C), (2) C plus 4.8 g digestible methionine per day (3) C plus 4.8 g digestible methionine and 6.2 g digestible lysine per day (4) 7 kg of barley-soya concentrate + 7.7 g digestible methionine per day. Each period lasted 4 weeks and data from weeks 3 and 4 were used to compare treatment effects. The amino acids were supplied in a rumen protected form (SmartamineTM, RPAN Technology) and all figures relate to estimated intestinally digestible amino acids based on the French system of calculating digestible lysine and methionine. The cows received primary growth unwilted grass silage ad libitum (Oven Dry Matter 189 g/kg, in-vitro DMD 714 g/kg DM, Crude protein 160 g/kg DM, pH 3.9).

Radiation-induced transmethylation and transsulfuration in the system DNA-methionine

Evidence is presented for the radiation-induced transmethylation and transsulfuration in a DNA-methionine model system. The extent of such alkylation of DNA is found to be comparable with that of alkylating agents. Therefore, both processes could be initial steps in radiation carcinogenesis. The protective effect of methionine on DNA strand breaks, due to scavenging of OH radicals, causes the formation of methyl and thiyl radicals.

Reduction of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum-induced cell inactivation by methionine

The effect of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cisplatin) in combination with methionine was investigated on human NHIK 3025 cells cultivated in vitro. Simultaneous treatment with cisplatin and high dose methionine was less lethal by means of colony-forming ability than treatment with cisplatin alone. This reduction in cell inactivation was seen only when methionine was present during the exposure with cisplatin and was strongly dependent upon the concentration of methionine. Cells pretreated with methionine before treatment with cisplatin were found to be more sensitive than cells treated with cisplatin alone. The protective effect of methionine was also compared with benzaldehyde since we have previously found that this drug may inhibit the uptake of cisplatin through the cell membrane. The data suggest that methionine and benzeldehyde protect against cisplatin cytotoxicity independently of each other and by entirely different mechanisms.

METHIONINE AND TESTOSTERONE EFFECTS ON OCCURRENCE OF HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS IN RATS.

Ninety orchiectomized rats were used to evaluate the effects of methionine and testosterone on the incidence of hemorrhages in animals fed a ration containing irradiated beef. Methionine significantly ( P < 0.01) decreased mortality linearly. Testosterone increased mortality linearly ( P < 0.01). The two substances acted independently. The protective effect of methionine was independent of growth. Omitting the aberrant mean value of prothrombin rate of 45 for 0.69%, dl-methionine and 1 mg testosterone from statistical analysis, only the linear effect of methionine is significant ( P < 0.01), amounting to about 10% increase in rate and, hence, a decrease of about 10% in prothrombin time for each 1% added dl-methionine. The per cent of plasma samples with prolonged prothrombin times had an aberrant point at the same location, and (omitting the aberrant datum) methionine decreased ( P < 0.01) the per cent prolonged prothrombin times, but testosterone had no significant effect. The body weight gain was significantly ( P < 0.01) greater for 0.69% than for 0 or 2.06% added dl- methionine.

The Sensitivity of Interphase and Dividing Stages of Tetrahymena pyriformis W. to Ultraviolet Light. II. Special Reference to the Protective Effect of Methionine

The Sensitivity of Interphase and Dividing Stages of Tetrahymena pyriformis W. to Ultraviolet Light. II. Special Reference to the Protective Effect of Methionine